Flask-Blogging

Flask-Blogging is a Flask extension for adding Markdown based blog support to your site. It provides a flexible mechanism to store the data in the database of your choice. It is meant to work with the authentication provided by packages such as Flask-Login or Flask-Security.

The philosophy behind this extension is to provide a lean app based on Markdown to provide blog support to your existing web application. This is contrary to some other packages such as Flask-Blog that are just blogs. If you already have a web app and you need to have a blog to communicate with your user or to promote your site through content based marketing, then Flask-Blogging would help you quickly get a blog up and running.

Out of the box, Flask-Blogging has support for the following:

  • Bootstrap based site
  • Markdown based blog editor
  • Models to store blog
  • Authentication of User’s choice
  • Sitemap, ATOM support
  • Disqus support for comments
  • Google analytics for usage tracking
  • Permissions enabled to control which users can create/edit blogs
  • Well documented, tested, and extensible design

Quick Start Example

from flask import Flask, render_template_string, redirect
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin, LoginManager, \
    login_user, logout_user
from flask.ext.blogging import SQLAStorage, BloggingEngine

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = "secret"  # for WTF-forms and login
app.config["BLOGGING_URL_PREFIX"] = "/blog"
app.config["BLOGGING_DISQUS_SITENAME"] = "test"
app.config["BLOGGING_SITEURL"] = "http://localhost:8000"

# extensions
engine = create_engine('sqlite:////tmp/blog.db')
sql_storage = SQLAStorage(engine)
blog_engine = BloggingEngine(app, sql_storage)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)

# user class for providing authentication
class User(UserMixin):
    def __init__(self, user_id):
        self.id = user_id

    def get_name(self):
        return "Paul Dirac"  # typically the user's name

@login_manager.user_loader
@blog_engine.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
    return User(user_id)

index_template = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head> </head>
    <body>
        {% if current_user.is_authenticated() %}
            <a href="/logout/">Logout</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/login/">Login</a>
        {% endif %}
        &nbsp&nbsp<a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
        &nbsp&nbsp<a href="/blog/sitemap.xml">Sitemap</a>
        &nbsp&nbsp<a href="/blog/feeds/all.atom.xml">ATOM</a>
    </body>
</html>
"""

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template_string(index_template)

@app.route("/login/")
def login():
    user = User("testuser")
    login_user(user)
    return redirect("/blog")

@app.route("/logout/")
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect("/")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True, port=8000, use_reloader=True)

The key components required to get the blog hooked is explained below.

Configuring your Application

The BloggingEngine class is the gateway to configure blogging support to your web app. You should create the BloggingEngine instance like this:

blogging_engine = BloggingEngine()

You also need to pick the storage for blog. That can be done as:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine

engine = create_engine("sqlite:////tmp/sqlite.db")
storage = SQLAStorage(engine)

Once you have created the blogging engine and the storage, you can connect with your app using the init_app method as shown below:

blogging_engine.init_app(app, storage)

Flask-Blogging lets the developer pick the authentication that is suitable, and hence requires her to provide a way to load user information. You will need to provide a BloggingEngine.user_loader callback. This callback is used to load the user from the user_id that is stored for each blog post. Just as in Flask-Login, it should take the unicode user_id of a user, and return the corresponding user object. For example:

@blogging_engine.user_loader
def load_user(userid):
    return User.get(userid)

For the blog to have a readable display name, the User class must implement either the get_name method or the __str__ method.

The BloggingEngine accepts an optional extensions argument. This is a list of Markdown extensions objects to be used during the markdown processing step.

The BloggingEngine also accepts post_processor argument, which can be used to provide a custom post processor object to handle the processing of Markdown text. An ideal way to do this would be to inherit the default PostProcessor object and override custom methods. There is a custom_process method that can be overridden to add extra functionality to the post processing step.

Configuration Variables

The Flask-Blogging extension can be configured by setting the following app config variables. These arguments are passed to all the views. The keys that are currently supported include:

  • BLOGGING_SITENAME (str): The name of the blog to be used as the brand name.This is also used in the feed heading. (default “Flask-Blogging”)

  • BLOGGING_SITEURL (str): The url of the site.

  • BLOGGING_RENDER_TEXT (bool): Value to specify if the raw text should be rendered or not. (default True)

  • BLOGGING_DISQUS_SITENAME (str): Disqus sitename for comments. A None value will disable comments. (default None)

  • BLOGGING_GOOGLE_ANALYTICS (str): Google analytics code for usage tracking. A None value will disable google analytics. (default None)

  • BLOGGING_URL_PREFIX (str) : The prefix for the URL of blog posts. A None value will have no prefix (default None).

  • BLOGGING_FEED_LIMIT (int): The number of posts to limit to in the feed. If None, then all are shown, else will be limited to this number. (default None)

  • BLOGGING_PERMISSIONS (bool): if True, this will enable permissions for the blogging engine. With permissions enabled, the user will need to have “blogger” Role to edit or create blog posts. Other authenticated users will not have blog editing permissions. The concepts here derive from Flask-Principal (default False)

  • BLOGGING_POSTS_PER_PAGE (int): This sets the default number of pages

    to be displayed per page. (default 10)

Blog Views

There are various views that are exposed through Flask-Blogging. The URL for the various views are:

  • url_for('blogging.index') (GET): The index blog posts with the first page of articles.
  • url_for('blogging.page_by_id', post_id=<post_id>) (GET): The blog post corresponding to the post_id is retrieved.
  • url_for('blogging.posts_by_tag', tag=<tag_name>) (GET): The list of blog posts corresponding to tag_name is returned.
  • url_for('blogging.posts_by_author', user_id=<user_id>) (GET): The list of blog posts written by the author user_id is returned.
  • url_for('blogging.editor') (GET, POST): The blog editor is shown. This view needs authentication and permissions (if enabled).
  • url_for('blogging.delete', post_id=<post_id>) (POST): The blog post given by post_id is deleted. This view needs authentication and permissions (if enabled).
  • url_for('blogging.sitemap') (GET): The sitemap with a link to all the posts is returned.
  • url_for('blogging.feed') (GET): Returns ATOM feed URL.

The view can be easily customised by the user by overriding with their own templates. The template pages that need to be customized are:

  • blogging/index.html: The blog index page used to serve index of posts, posts by tag, and posts by author
  • blogging/editor.html: The blog editor page.
  • blogging/page.html: The page that shows the given article.
  • blogging/sitemap.xml: The sitemap for the blog posts.

Permissions

In version 0.3.0 Flask-Blogging, enables permissions based on Flask-Principal. This addresses the issue of controlling which of the authenticated users can have access to edit or create blog posts. Permissions are enabled by setting BLOGGING_PERMISSIONS to True. Only users that have access to Role “blogger” will have permissions to create or edit blog posts.

Screenshots

Blog Page

_images/blog_page.png

Blog Editor

_images/blog_editor.png

Useful Tips

  • Postgres using psycopg2: If you use psycopg2 driver for Postgres while using the SQLAStorage you would need to have autocommit turned on while creating the engine:

    create_engine("postgresql+psycopg2://postgres:@localhost/flask_blogging",
                  isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
    
  • Migrations with Alembic: If you have migrations part of your project using Alembic, or extensions such as Flask-Migrate which uses Alembic, then you have to modify the Alembic configuration in order for it to ignore the Flask-Blogging related tables. If you don’t set these modifications, then every time you run migrations, Alembic will not recognize the tables and mark them for deletion. And if you happen to upgrade by mistake then all your blog tables will be deleted. What we will do here is ask Alembic to exclude the tables used by Flask-Blogging. In your alembic.ini file, add a line:

    [alembic:exclude]
    tables = tag, post, tag_posts, user_posts
    

    If you have a value set for table_prefix argument while creating the SQLAStorage, then the table names will contain that prefix in their names. In which case, you have to use appropriate names in the table names.

    And in your env.py, we have to mark these tables as the ones to be ignored.

    def exclude_tables_from_config(config_):
        tables_ = config_.get("tables", None)
        if tables_ is not None:
            tables = tables_.split(",")
        return tables
    
    exclude_tables = exclude_tables_from_config(config.get_section('alembic:exclude'))
    
    def include_object(object, name, type_, reflected, compare_to):
        if type_ == "table" and name in exclude_tables:
            return False
        else:
            return True
    
    def run_migrations_online():
        """Run migrations in 'online' mode.
    
        In this scenario we need to create an Engine
        and associate a connection with the context.
    
        """
        engine = engine_from_config(
                    config.get_section(config.config_ini_section),
                    prefix='sqlalchemy.',
                    poolclass=pool.NullPool)
    
        connection = engine.connect()
        context.configure(
                    connection=connection,
                    target_metadata=target_metadata,
                    include_object=include_object,
                    compare_type=True
                    )
    
        try:
            with context.begin_transaction():
                context.run_migrations()
        finally:
            connection.close()
    

    In the above, we are using include_object in context.configure(...) to be specified based on the include_object function.

Release Notes

  • Version 0.3.0:

    Released July 11, 2015

    • Permissions is a new feature introduced in this version. By setting BLOGGING_PERMISSIONS to True, one can restrict which of the users can create, edit or delete posts.
    • Added BLOGGING_POSTS_PER_PAGE configuration variable to control the number of posts in a page.
    • Documented the url construction procedure.
  • Version 0.2.1:

    Released July 10, 2015

    • BloggingEngine init_app method can be called without having to pass a storage object.
    • Hook tests to setup.py script.
  • Version 0.2.0:

    Released July 6, 2015

    • BloggingEngine configuration moved to the app config setting. This breaks backward compatibility. See compatibility notes below.
    • Added ability to limit number of posts shown in the feed through app configuration setting.
    • The setup.py reads version from the module file. Improves version consistency.
  • Version 0.1.2:

    Released July 4, 2015

    • Added Python 3.4 support
  • Version 0.1.1:

    Released June 15, 2015

    • Fixed PEP8 errors
    • Expanded SQLAStorage to include Postgres and MySQL flavors
    • Added post_date and last_modified_date as arguments to the

    Storage.save_post(...) call for general compatibility

  • Version 0.1.0:

    Released June 1, 2015

    • Initial Release
    • Adds detailed documentation
    • Supports Markdown based blog editor
    • Has 90% code coverage in unit tests

Compatibility Notes

  • Version 0.3.0:

    In this release, the templates folder was renamed from blog to blogging. To override the existing templates, you will need to create your templates in the blogging folder.

  • Version 0.2.0:

    In this version, BloggingEngine will no longer take config argument. Instead, all configuration can be done through app config variables. Another BloggingEngine parameter, url_prefix is also available only through config variable.

API Documentation

Module contents

Submodules

flask_blogging.engine module

The BloggingEngine module.

class flask_blogging.engine.BloggingEngine(app=None, storage=None, post_processor=None, extensions=None)

Bases: object

The BloggingEngine is the class for initializing the blog support for your web app. Here is an example usage:

from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.blogging import BloggingEngine, SQLAStorage
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

app = Flask(__name__)
db_engine = create_engine("sqlite:////tmp/sqlite.db")
storage = SQLAStorage(db_engine)
blog_engine = BloggingEngine(app, storage)
__init__(app=None, storage=None, post_processor=None, extensions=None)
Parameters:
  • app (object) – Optional app to use
  • storage (object) – The blog storage instance that implements the Storage class interface.
  • post_processor (object) – (optional) The post processor object. If none provided, the default post processor is used.
  • extensions (list) – A list of markdown extensions to add to post processing step.
Returns:

blogger_permission
init_app(app, storage=None)

Initialize the engine.

Parameters:
  • app – The app to use
  • storage – The blog storage instance that implements the Storage class interface.
is_user_blogger()
user_loader(callback)

The decorator for loading the user.

Parameters:callback – The callback function that can load a user given a unicode user_id.
Returns:The callback function

flask_blogging.processor module

class flask_blogging.processor.PostProcessor

Bases: object

classmethod all_extensions()
classmethod construct_url(post)
static create_slug(title)
classmethod custom_process(post)

Override this method to add additional processes. The result is that the post dict is modified or enhanced with newer key value pairs.

Parameters:post (dict) – The post data with values for keys such as title, text, tags etc.
classmethod process(post, render=True)

This method takes the post data and renders it :param post: :param render: :return:

classmethod render_text(post)
classmethod set_custom_extensions(extensions)

flask_blogging.sqlastorage module

class flask_blogging.sqlastorage.SQLAStorage(engine, table_prefix='')

Bases: flask_blogging.storage.Storage

The SQLAStorage implements the interface specified by the Storage class. This class uses SQLAlchemy to implement storage and retrieval of data from any of the databases supported by SQLAlchemy. This

__init__(engine, table_prefix='')

The constructor for the SQLAStorage class.

Parameters:engine – The SQLAlchemy engine instance created by calling

create_engine. One can also use Flask-SQLAlchemy, and pass the engine property. :type engine: object :param table_prefix: (Optional) Prefix to use for the tables created

(default "").
count_posts(tag=None, user_id=None, include_draft=False)

Returns the total number of posts for the give filter

Parameters:
  • tag (str) – Filter by a specific tag
  • user_id (str) – Filter by a specific user
  • include_draft (bool) – Whether to include posts marked as draft or not
Returns:

The number of posts for the given filter.

delete_post(post_id)

Delete the post defined by post_id

Parameters:post_id (int) – The identifier corresponding to a post
Returns:Returns True if the post was successfully deleted and False otherwise.
get_post_by_id(post_id)

Fetch the blog post given by post_id

Parameters:post_id (int) – The post identifier for the blog post
Returns:If the post_id is valid, the post data is retrieved, else returns None.
get_posts(count=10, offset=0, recent=True, tag=None, user_id=None, include_draft=False)

Get posts given by filter criteria

Parameters:
  • count (int) – The number of posts to retrieve (default 10)
  • offset (int) – The number of posts to offset (default 0)
  • recent (bool) – Order by recent posts or not
  • tag (str) – Filter by a specific tag
  • user_id (str) – Filter by a specific user
  • include_draft (bool) – Whether to include posts marked as draft or not
Returns:

A list of posts, with each element a dict containing values for the following keys: (title, text, draft, post_date, last_modified_date). If count is None, then all the posts are returned.

save_post(title, text, user_id, tags, draft=False, post_date=None, last_modified_date=None, meta_data=None, post_id=None)

Persist the blog post data. If post_id is None or post_id is invalid, the post must be inserted into the storage. If post_id is a valid id, then the data must be updated.

Parameters:
  • title (str) – The title of the blog post
  • text (str) – The text of the blog post
  • user_id (str) – The user identifier
  • tags (list) – A list of tags
  • draft (bool) – (Optional) If the post is a draft of if needs to be published. (default False)
  • post_date (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The date the blog was posted (default datetime.datetime.utcnow() )
  • last_modified_date (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The date when blog was last modified (default datetime.datetime.utcnow() )
  • post_id (int) – (Optional) The post identifier. This should be None for an insert call, and a valid value for update. (default None)
Returns:

The post_id value, in case of a successful insert or update. Return None if there were errors.

flask_blogging.storage module

class flask_blogging.storage.Storage

Bases: object

count_posts(tag=None, user_id=None, include_draft=False)

Returns the total number of posts for the give filter

Parameters:
  • tag (str) – Filter by a specific tag
  • user_id (str) – Filter by a specific user
  • include_draft (bool) – Whether to include posts marked as draft or not
Returns:

The number of posts for the given filter.

delete_post(post_id)

Delete the post defined by post_id

Parameters:post_id (int) – The identifier corresponding to a post
Returns:Returns True if the post was successfully deleted and False otherwise.
get_post_by_id(post_id)

Fetch the blog post given by post_id

Parameters:post_id (int) – The post identifier for the blog post
Returns:If the post_id is valid, the post data is retrieved,

else returns None.

get_posts(count=10, offset=0, recent=True, tag=None, user_id=None, include_draft=False)

Get posts given by filter criteria

Parameters:
  • count (int) – The number of posts to retrieve (default 10). If count is None, all posts are returned.
  • offset (int) – The number of posts to offset (default 0)
  • recent (bool) – Order by recent posts or not
  • tag (str) – Filter by a specific tag
  • user_id (str) – Filter by a specific user
  • include_draft (bool) – Whether to include posts marked as draft or not
Returns:

A list of posts, with each element a dict containing values for the following keys: (title, text, draft, post_date, last_modified_date). If count is None, then all the posts are returned.

static normalize_tags(tags)
save_post(title, text, user_id, tags, draft=False, post_date=None, last_modified_date=None, meta_data=None, post_id=None)

Persist the blog post data. If post_id is None or post_id is invalid, the post must be inserted into the storage. If post_id is a valid id, then the data must be updated.

Parameters:
  • title (str) – The title of the blog post
  • text (str) – The text of the blog post
  • user_id (str) – The user identifier
  • tags (list) – A list of tags
  • draft (bool) – If the post is a draft of if needs to be published.
  • post_date (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The date the blog was posted (default datetime.datetime.utcnow())
  • last_modified_date (datetime.datetime) – (Optional) The date when blog was last modified (default datetime.datetime.utcnow())
  • meta_data (dict) – The meta data for the blog post
  • post_id (int) – The post identifier. This should be None for an insert call, and a valid value for update.
Returns:

The post_id value, in case of a successful insert or update.

Return None if there were errors.

flask_blogging.views module

flask_blogging.views.delete(*args, **kwargs)
flask_blogging.views.editor(*args, **kwargs)
flask_blogging.views.feed()
flask_blogging.views.index(count, page)

Serves the page with a list of blog posts

Parameters:
  • count
  • offset
Returns:

flask_blogging.views.page_by_id(post_id, slug)
flask_blogging.views.posts_by_author(user_id, count, page)
flask_blogging.views.posts_by_tag(tag, count, page)
flask_blogging.views.sitemap()

flask_blogging.forms module

class flask_blogging.forms.BlogEditor(formdata=<class flask_wtf.form._Auto>, obj=None, prefix='', csrf_context=None, secret_key=None, csrf_enabled=None, *args, **kwargs)
draft = <UnboundField(BooleanField, ('draft',), {'default': False})>
submit = <UnboundField(SubmitField, ('submit',), {})>
tags = <UnboundField(StringField, ('tags',), {'validators': [<wtforms.validators.DataRequired object at 0x7fb7e121ab50>]})>
text = <UnboundField(TextAreaField, ('text',), {'validators': [<wtforms.validators.DataRequired object at 0x7fb7e121aad0>]})>
title = <UnboundField(StringField, ('title',), {'validators': [<wtforms.validators.DataRequired object at 0x7fb7e121aa50>]})>